1. Ad valorem duty or ad valorem tax.

2. VAT is an ad valorem tax.

3. In an ad valorem tax, the government collects a fixed proportion of every product produced, rendering a lower marginal return captured by the producer.

4. If government imposes Ad Valorem tax on firms, it will drive these two firms to move back to the original location. That will improve market efficiency and promote social welfare to the maximization.

5. An ad valorem tax is a tax based on the value of real estate or personal property.

6. The proposed property tax is an ad valorem tax that would impose a uniform rate on an assessed value of land and building combined.