1, Gnathostomes include the bony Osteichthyes and the cartilaginous Chondrichthyes.

2, Objective: To study the self - interaction of Chondrichthyes ( Raja porosa ) hemoglobin component.

3, Chondrichthyes (sharks, rays and chimaeras) account for only 2% of gnathostome species, the Osteichthyes accounting for the other 98%.

4, The monitoring survey indicated that Chondrichthyes in the Nansha Islands waters could be captured all the year round, and the yield was mainly related with the fishing effort.

5, A fish whose skeleton consists mainly of cartilage, especially a member of the class Chondrichthyes, such as a shark, skate, or ray.